Front Physiol. 2015 Apr 22;6:124. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00124. eCollection 2015. Exercise ameliorates high fat diet induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing interleukin 10. Kesherwani V1, Chavali V1, Hackfort BT1, Tyagi SC2, Mishra PK3.
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1Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA.
2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA.
3Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA.
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that a sedentary lifestyle and a high fat diet (HFD) leads to cardiomyopathy. Moderate exercise ameliorates cardiac dysfunction, however underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Increased inflammation due to induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and attenuation of anti-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) contributes to cardiac dysfunction in obese and diabetics. We hypothesized that exercise training ameliorates HFD- induced cardiac dysfunction by mitigating obesity and inflammation through upregulation of IL-10 and downregulation of TNF-α. To test this hypothesis, 8 week old, female C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD and exercised (swimming 1 h/day for 5 days/week for 8 weeks). The four treatment groups: normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD + exercise (HFD + Ex) and ND + Ex were analyzed for mean body weight, blood glucose level, TNF-α, IL-10, cardiac fibrosis by Masson Trichrome, and cardiac dysfunction by echocardiography. Mean body weights were increased in HFD but comparatively less in HFD + Ex. The level of TNF-α was elevated and IL-10 was downregulated in HFD but ameliorated in HFD + Ex. Cardiac fibrosis increased in HFD and was attenuated by exercise in the HFD + Ex group. The percentage ejection fraction and fractional shortening were decreased in HFD but comparatively increased in HFD + Ex. There was no difference between ND and ND + Ex for the above parameters except an increase in IL-10 level following exercise. Based on these results, we conclude that exercise mitigates HFD- induced cardiomyopathy by decreasing obesity, inducing IL-10, and reducing TNF-α in mice.
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